GARDEN GROVE, Calif. - Fifteen years ago there were two Islamic
mosques in southern California; today there are more than 50.
Ten years ago, 500 people showed up for Friday services in the
mosque here; now there are more than 1,500 worshipers.
This month, the first mosque in the region built in the
traditional style - dome and minaret - opened in Los Angeles; three
more will open in the next few years.
Southern California has become home to the nation's largest and
fastest-growing Muslim population, most of them immigrants from
South Asia, the Middle East, Southeast Asia and Africa. "They're
here for the same reasons that so many other immigrants have come
to Los Angeles, and California in general - for economic reasons,
family reunification, and because of war or political turmoil (in
their home countries)," says Jonathan Friedlander, a sociologist at
the University of California, Los Angeles, who is studying Muslim
immigration.
"They're not here to change American society - they're more
afraid American society will change them."
Muslims say they have much in common with America's dominant
Judeo-Christian culture, with its emphasis on family, work and
tolerance.
"We recognize and respect Christian and Jewish values, because
they are not very different from Islamic values," says Shamin Khan,
an Indian-born teacher at the Orange Crescent School, one of many
Islamic elementary schools in the region. "Our task is to give
non-Muslims the message of what we really are."
What they are not, community leaders say, is terrorists or
religious fanatics. They see no conflict between American democracy
and Islam, and they have no desire to alter the secular character
of America's institutions.
"In many ways, Islam reiterates basic American values," says
Salah Abdul-Wahid, a documentary filmmaker and a leader in the Los
Angeles Muslim community. "We are trying to integrate Islamic
values into the discussion of what it means to be an American."
Assimilation is the goal. "But it is assimilation on our own
terms, not by giving up our religion," says Muzammil Siddiqi,
director of the Islamic Society of Orange County, the largest
mosque in the county.
"I have no problem with my children's culture being American, as
long as their values remain Islamic," says Nahid Ansari, 31, an
Iranian-born immigrant. Her husband, Levent Akbarut, is
Turkish-American; their three American-born children attend an
Islamic elementary school.
No one knows for sure how many Muslims live in the region, but
some estimates put the total - counting American-born Muslims - at
250,000.
Orange County has at least 30,000, and as many as 90% are
foreign-born, says Ihsan Bagby, director of the Islamic Resource
Institute, a think tank in Los Angeles.
He and other researchers say most foreign-born Muslims in the
region are educated, middle-class, white-collar professionals.
They have little in common but their religion and knowledge of
Arabic, which Muslims learn as the language of the Koran. More are
from South Asia - India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh -
than from Arab countries, but they span the spectrum of race,
ethnicity, language and culture. They have largely avoided
nativist resentment, partly because they are not perceived as
drains on society and are widely dispersed in the region and less
visible than other immigrants. Immigrant Muslims do get crank
calls, taunts, even threats after terrorist incidents or when the
United States is in conflict with Islamic countries. But their
experiences mostly mirror those of other immigrants before them.
"The hardest thing to adjust to, for any immigrant, is the
isolation of American society," says Valerie Curtis Diop, an
American-born convert to